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WRC 323

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WRC 323 Monograph on Narrow-Gap Welding Technology

Bulletin / Circular by Welding Research Council, 1987

V. Malin

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Narrow-Gap Welding (NGW) has long been viewed as a very promising welding technique, which could meet today's requirements for heavy wall fabrication, in terms of quality and overall cost. NGW offers many advantages over conventional welding methods, such as higher mechanical properties of the welded joints, higher productivity, lower residual stresses, and higher cost effectiveness. Through numerous applications, NGW has proved to be a practical method for joining a broad range of thicknesses and materials in many industrial areas, for which various NGW techniques have been developed. The main reason for reluctance and caution by fabricators in applying NGW has been lack of awareness resulted from absence of detailed and systematic information on technical and economic aspects of this technique.

The following monograph is a continuation of the author's effort to familiarize the U.S. and the international welding community with this remarkable welding technology. Over 180 articles published by the researchers around the world, including the author's, were reviewed to make a comprehensive analysis of the subject. This includes definition and classification of NGW; characterization of numerous NGW techniques and procedures developed for gas metal arc, submerged arc, gas tungsten arc, and flux cored arc narrow-gap welding processes; description of NGW equipment, including analysis of joint tracking capability and level of automation; metallurgical and mechanical properties of the welded joints, including basic metallurgical reactions, fracture toughness, resistance to temper embrittlement, delayed cracking and fatigue; analysis of residual stresses and distortion; and economical features and applications.