API PUBL 4653:1997

Ten pipeline facilities located across the United States of America (USA) were selected for the project. All components in use except those on tank tops were inventoried and screened using EPA Method 21 guidelines. Emission factors were developed for six types of components (threaded connections, flanges, valves, open-ended lines, pump seals, and others) at three types of pipeline facilities (light crude oil, heavy crude oil, and product). Fugitive emission rates were calculated for each of the sites using the new emission factors.