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AWWA JAW71200

M00000978

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AWWA JAW71200 Journal AWWA - Water Loss Management in Developing Countries: Challenges and Prospects

Journal Article by American Water Works Association, 12/01/2009

Mutikanga, Harrison E.; Sharma, S.; Vairavamoorthy, K.

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Water demand is increasing around the world, butsupplies are "shrinking" because of population growthand new demand. By the middle of the twenty-first century,it is estimated that half of the world's predicted populationof 10+ billion people will live in urban areas, andexperts have pegged the shift of the world's populationfrom rural to urban dweller to occur this year or next.Water loss from distribution systems is a problemfaced by all water utilities, but it is exacerbated indeveloping countries where illegal connections, metertampering, and metering inaccuracies generate evengreater losses. The AWWA/IWA water audit/water balancetool is the most widely used method for measuringwater loss from distribution systems. The water districtin Kampala, Uganda, provides an example of the challengesfaced by developing countries and shows thateven though resources may be inadequate and dataunreliable, it is possible to assess water loss and developappropriate strategies and tools as a step toward effectivemanagement of water losses. Includes 30 references, tables, figures.